Imishini Yokwelapha Amanzi

Kusetshenziswa umgomo wokushintshana kwama-ion, imishini yokuthambisa amanzi isusa ama-ion akha izikali njenge-calcium ne-magnesium emanzini ukuze ithambise ikhwalithi yamanzi. Yakhiwe ithangi le-resin, ithangi likasawoti (i-resin ethambile), ithangi likasawoti kanye nohlelo lokuvuselela. Uhlelo lulawula uhlelo lokuhlanza ama-valve amaningi ngesandla futhi luvuselele amanzi ngesandla; Kusetshenziswa iphampu kasawoti yokuhlanza.

Imishini yokwelapha indle yasekhaya ehlakaniphile ehlanganisiwe inemisebenzi yokususa i-nitrogen ne-phosphorus. Ngokuhlanganisa ubuchwepheshe bokuhlukanisa i-membrane kanye nendlela yokuxilisa ukuxhumana, kanye nokusetshenziswa kokulawula okuhlakaniphile okuzenzakalelayo, uhlelo lufeza ukusebenza okungenamuntu kanye nokuphathwa okuhlakaniphile. Luhlanganiswe kakhulu, luhlakaniphile futhi luthembekile futhi lungafakwa kalula phansi noma lungcwatshwe ngaphansi komhlaba. Ikhwalithi yamanzi akhiqizwayo izinzile futhi ingahlangabezana ngokugcwele nezinga lokukhipha indle lesigaba sokuqala i-A.

Ubuchwepheshe bokuhlukaniswa kwe-membrane yokuhlunga nge-Ultra buwubuchwepheshe bokuhlukaniswa obusezingeni eliphezulu obuthuthukiswe eminyakeni yamuva nje; ngokusekelwe kusayizi wama-molecule noma wezinhlayiya, buwubuchwepheshe bokuhlunga obushintshashintshayo obusebenzisa ingcindezi njengamandla okugcina uhlelo lusebenza.

I-EDI yaziwa nangokuthi ubuchwepheshe bokususa usawoti kagesi obuqhubekayo, obuhlanganisa ngokwesayensi ubuchwepheshe be-electrodialysis kanye nobuchwepheshe bokushintshana kwama-ion ngokukhetha ama-membrane e-Yang ne-anion kanye nokushintshana kwama-ion emanzini nge-resin yokushintshana kwama-ion, futhi buqaphela ukufuduka kwama-ion emanzini ngaphansi kwesenzo sensimu kagesi, ukuze kufezwe ukuhlanzwa okujulile kanye nokususwa usawoti emanzini.

Amanzi angcolile emithi angenye yamanzi angcolile ezimbonini okunzima kakhulu ukuwaphatha ngenxa yokwakheka kwawo okuyinkimbinkimbi, izinhlobo eziningi zokungcola okungokwemvelo, ukuhlushwa okuphezulu, amanani aphezulu e-COD kanye ne-BOD kanye nokuguquguquka okuphezulu, umehluko omkhulu kumanani e-BOD/COD, ukuhlushwa okuphezulu kwezinto eziqinile ezilengisiwe kanye ne-NH3-N, i-chroma ejulile, kanye nokubola okunzima kwezinto eziphilayo kanye nezinto ezinobuthi.

Imishini yamanzi e-Deionized iyisistimu yokushintshana kwama-ion. Ukushintshana kwama-ion kusho ukuthi lapho amanzi edlula kukholomu yokushintshana kwama-ion, ukushintshana kwe-cation emanzini kanye ne-anion emanzini (HCO- plasma) ne-H+ ye-resin enhle kanye ne-OH- ye-resin engemihle kukholomu yokushintshana, ukuze kufezwe injongo yokususa usawoti. Ukuhlanganiswa okuhlukene kwamakholomu axubile e-Yang ne-Yin kungenza ikhwalithi yamanzi ifinyelele izidingo eziphakeme. Ama-ion exchanger ahlukaniswe ngama-cation exchanger (softeners), ama-anion exchanger, ama-ion exchanger axubile, njll. Okubi ukuthi i-resin idinga ukuvuselelwa nge-acid kanye ne-alkali ngemva kokugcwala.

Imishini yamanzi ahlanzekile ngokuvamile ihlanganisa uhlelo lokwelapha ngaphambi kokwelashwa, idivayisi ye-reverse osmosis, uhlelo lwangemva kokwelashwa, uhlelo lokuhlanza kanye nohlelo lokulawula kagesi. Uhlelo lokwelapha ngaphambi kokwelashwa ngokuvamile luhlanganisa ipompo yamanzi eluhlaza, idivayisi yokulinganisa, isihlungi sesihlabathi se-quartz, isihlungi sekhabhoni esisebenzayo, isihlungi sokunemba, njll. Umsebenzi walo oyinhloko ukunciphisa inkomba yokungcola kwamanzi aluhlaza kanye nokunye ukungcola okufana ne-chlorine esele ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezidingo ezinomthelela ze-reverse osmosis. Idivayisi ye-reverse osmosis ikakhulukazi iqukethe ipompo yokucindezela okuphezulu enezigaba eziningi, i-reverse osmosis membrane element, igobolondo le-membrane (isitsha sokucindezela), i-bracket njalo njalo. Umsebenzi wayo oyinhloko ukususa ukungcola emanzini nokwenza amanzi ahlangabezane nezidingo zokusetshenziswa.

Uhlelo lwangemva kokwelashwa luyangezwa uma i-reverse osmosis ingahlangabezani nezidingo zokungcola. Luhlanganisa kakhulu uhlobo olulodwa noma ngaphezulu lwemishini efana nombhede we-Yin, umbhede we-Yang, umbhede oxubile, ukubulala amagciwane, ukuhlunga okungaphezulu, njll.

Uhlelo lokuhlanza luqukethe ikakhulukazi ithangi lamanzi okuhlanza, iphampu yamanzi okuhlanza kanye nesihlungi sokunemba. Uma uhlelo lwe-reverse osmosis lungcolisiwe futhi inkomba yokungcola ingakwazi ukuhlangabezana nezidingo, kuyadingeka ukuhlanza i-reverse osmosis ukuze kubuyiselwe ukusebenza kwayo.

Uhlelo lokulawula kagesi lusetshenziselwa ukulawula ukusebenza okuvamile kohlelo lonke lwe-reverse osmosis. Kubandakanya iphaneli yezinsimbi, iphaneli yokulawula, ukuvikelwa okuhlukahlukene kukagesi, ikhabhinethi yokulawula kagesi njalo njalo.

Imishini yamanzi ahlanzekile, esebenzisa ubuchwepheshe be-reverse osmosis membrane ikakhulukazi. Umgomo wayo osebenzayo ukufaka ingcindezi ethile emanzini, ukuze ama-molecule amanzi kanye nezakhi zamaminerali ze-ionic ngokusebenzisa i-reverse osmosis membrane, kanye nosawoti abaningi abangaphili abancibilikiswe emanzini (kufaka phakathi izinsimbi ezisindayo), izinto eziphilayo kanye namabhaktheriya, amagciwane, njll., kungadluli kwi-reverse osmosis membrane, ukuze amanzi ahlanzekile angene kanye namanzi agxilile kungahlukaniswa ngokuqinile; Umgodi odongeni lwe-reverse osmosis membrane ungama-micron angu-0.0001 kuphela, kuyilapho ububanzi bamagciwane ngokuvamile bungama-micron angu-0.02 kuya ku-0.4, kanti ububanzi bamabhaktheriya avamile bungama-micron angu-0.4 kuya ku-1.

Imishini yokususa usawoti emanzini anosawoti, efanelekile ezindaweni ezine-alkali eningi kanye nezindawo zokugcwalisa amanzi olwandle, ukusetshenziswa kwezinto ze-reverse osmosis membrane, imikhumbi yokucindezela esezingeni eliphezulu, kanye namaphampu okucindezela okuphezulu, ngemishini yokwelapha efanele, kungasusa ngempumelelo usawoti ongaphili, ama-ion ensimbi esindayo, izinto eziphilayo, amabhaktheriya namabhaktheriya nezinye izingxenye eziyingozi emanzini, ukususwa kukasawoti emanzini anosawoti kube yizinga likazwelonke lamanzi okuphuza asezingeni lamanzi.

Imishini yokususa usawoti emanzini olwandle ibhekisela emishinini esetshenziselwa ngokukhethekile ukususa usawoti emanzini olwandle. Ukususa usawoti emanzini olwandle kusebenzisa kakhulu izindlela ezimbili zokususa usawoti emanzini olwandle, okuyi-distillation method kanye ne-reverse osmosis method.

Imishini yokwelapha amanzi ye-reverse osmosis ivame ukwakhiwa izingxenye ezintathu: uhlelo lokwelapha amanzi angahluziwe, uhlelo lokuhlanza i-reverse osmosis kanye nohlelo lokuhlanza ngemuva kokwelashwa oluhlanzwa kakhulu. Inhloso yokwelapha ngaphambi kokwelashwa ukwenza amanzi angahluziwe ahlangabezane nezidingo zokungenisa amanzi zengxenye yokuhlukanisa i-reverse osmosis membrane nokuqinisekisa ukusebenza okuzinzile kohlelo lokuhlanza i-reverse osmosis. Uhlelo lwe-reverse osmosis membrane luyindlela yokuhlanza engabizi kakhulu futhi ephumelelayo yokususa ama-ion angaphezu kwama-98%, izinto eziphilayo kanye nama-microorganisms ayi-100% emanzini angahluziwe ngesikhathi esisodwa (ngokwethiyori).

Isihlungi sesihlabathi se-Quartz sivame ukusetshenziswa njengemishini ye-reverse osmosis kanye nemishini ye-ultrafiltration pretreatment, ikakhulukazi i-sediment, ama-colloid, ama-ion ensimbi kanye nezinto eziphilayo ukuze kuvinjwe, kufakwe i-adsorption. Izinto zokuhlunga ezisetshenziswa kakhulu isihlabathi se-quartz, i-activated carbon, i-anthracite, isihlabathi se-manganese njalo njalo. Sisetshenziswa kabanzi ekuniseleni kwezolimo, embonini yamakhemikhali, kuphethiloli, ekusetheni izinsimbi, ezimayini nakwezinye izimboni.

Imishini yokuthambisa amanzi ngebhoyila iyithuluzi lokuhlanza amanzi elingaphekiwe lebhoyila isikhathi eside, elisusa ama-ion e-calcium ne-magnesium emanzini angaphekiwe kanye nezinto ezibangela ibhoyila isikhathi eside.

I-Ultrafiltration ubuchwepheshe bokuhlukanisa i-membrane obungahlanza futhi buhlukanise isixazululo. Uhlelo lwe-ultrafiltration membrane luyidivayisi yokuhlukanisa isixazululo ene-ultrafiltration membrane filament njengendlela yokuhlunga kanye nomehluko wokucindezela ezinhlangothini zombili ze-membrane njengamandla aqhubayo.

Izingxenye eziyinhloko zamanzi amaminerali yizinto ezilengayo kanye nezinto ezingaphili ezincibilikayo, kanti i-SS elengayo yakhiwe kakhulu yi-powder yamalahle kanye ne-rock powder, futhi okuqukethwe kwayo akuzinzile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lapho ukugeleza kwamanzi emayini kudlula ebusweni bamalahle nasemgwaqweni, kuthintwa ngabantu, futhi ezinye izinto eziphilayo zixutshwa emanzini. Ingxenye eyinhloko ye-SS emanzini emayini yi-pulverized coal, engangcoliswa yi-oxidants enamandla njenge-potassium dichromate, ngakho-ke ikhombisa i-CODcr ephezulu.