How to Treat Water Quality Under Environmental Pollution? What Water Treatment Equipment is Needed?

2025-10-30

In recent years, with the acceleration of industrialization and urbanization, environmental pollution has become an increasingly severe problem, and water pollution is one of the most prominent issues affecting human health and ecological balance. Polluted water sources, containing harmful substances such as heavy metals, organic pollutants, and microorganisms, pose a huge threat to people's daily water use and the survival of aquatic organisms. Facing this situation, effective water quality treatment has become an urgent task, and the selection and application of appropriate water treatment equipment play a crucial role in this process.

First of all, to treat water quality under environmental pollution, it is necessary to conduct a comprehensive detection of the polluted water body. Only by clarifying the types and concentrations of pollutants can we formulate a targeted treatment plan. After determining the pollution situation, the first step in water treatment is usually pretreatment, which mainly aims to remove large particles of impurities and suspended solids in the water. At this stage, common water treatment equipment includes screen filters and grit chambers. Screen filters can intercept floating objects such as leaves, plastic debris, and branches in the water, preventing them from entering subsequent treatment links and causing blockages. Grit chambers, on the other hand, use the principle of gravity sedimentation to separate sand, gravel, and other inorganic particles with higher density from the water, laying a good foundation for the follow-up advanced treatment.

After pretreatment, the water enters the core treatment stage, which needs to target different types of pollutants. For organic pollutants and some toxic and harmful substances, activated carbon filters are widely used. Activated carbon has a strong adsorption capacity, which can effectively adsorb organic matter, pigments, odors, and residual chlorine in the water, significantly improving the taste and purity of the water. In addition, for water bodies polluted by heavy metals such as lead, mercury, and cadmium, ion exchange resins are essential water treatment equipment. The ion exchange process can replace the heavy metal ions in the water with harmless ions on the resin, thereby reducing the content of heavy metals in the water to the safe standard.

With the continuous improvement of water quality standards, advanced treatment technologies are increasingly applied, and corresponding water treatment equipment is also constantly updated. Membrane separation equipment is a representative of advanced water treatment technology. It uses a semi-permeable membrane to separate impurities, microorganisms, and even some dissolved salts in the water through the action of pressure. Common membrane separation equipment includes ultrafiltration equipment, nanofiltration equipment, and reverse osmosis equipment. Among them, reverse osmosis equipment has a high removal rate for various pollutants and is often used in the preparation of pure water and the advanced treatment of industrial wastewater. For example, in some areas with severe groundwater pollution, reverse osmosis water treatment equipment is used to purify groundwater, making it meet the drinking water standard.

In addition to the above-mentioned equipment for treating pollutants, disinfection equipment is also an indispensable part of the water treatment process. After the water is treated by various processes, although most pollutants are removed, there may still be some pathogenic microorganisms. Disinfection equipment can kill these microorganisms and prevent the spread of water-borne diseases. Common disinfection equipment includes chlorine dioxide generators, ozone generators, and ultraviolet disinfection equipment. Among them, ultraviolet disinfection equipment has the advantages of no chemical residue and fast disinfection speed, and is widely used in drinking water treatment and wastewater reuse projects.

It is worth noting that the selection of water treatment equipment should be based on the actual situation of the water source, the type of pollutants, and the treatment goals. For example, in the treatment of industrial wastewater, due to the complex composition of pollutants, it is often necessary to combine multiple water treatment equipment, such as using grit chambers for pretreatment, activated carbon filters for adsorbing organic matter, and ion exchange resins for removing heavy metals, and finally using disinfection equipment for disinfection to ensure that the treated wastewater meets the discharge standard. In the treatment of domestic drinking water, more attention is paid to the removal of harmful substances and the retention of beneficial minerals, so membrane separation equipment and activated carbon filters are often the preferred choices.

In conclusion, under the background of environmental pollution, solving the problem of water quality treatment requires not only scientific and reasonable treatment processes but also the support of efficient and reliable water treatment equipment. From pretreatment to core treatment and then to disinfection, each link is inseparable from the application of water treatment equipment. With the continuous development of science and technology, water treatment equipment will be more intelligent, efficient, and environmentally friendly, providing a stronger guarantee for improving water quality and protecting water resources. It is expected that governments, enterprises, and scientific research institutions will strengthen cooperation, increase investment in the research and development of water treatment equipment, and make greater contributions to building a clean and sustainable water environment.