Lako Osmosis Reverse

ʻO ka wai ʻōpala lāʻau lapaʻau kekahi o ka wai ʻino ʻoihana paʻakikī e mālama ʻia ma muli o kona ʻano paʻakikī, nui nā ʻano mea haumia organik, kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe, kiʻekiʻe COD a me BOD waiwai a me nā volatility kiʻekiʻe, ʻokoʻa nui i nā waiwai BOD/COD, kiʻekiʻe o nā mea paʻa i hoʻokuʻu ʻia a me NH3-N, chroma hohonu, a paʻakikī biodegradation a me nā mea ʻona.

ʻO nā lako wai deionized he ʻōnaehana hoʻololi ion. ʻO ka hoʻololi ʻana ʻo ia hoʻi, i ka wā e hele ai ka wai ma ke kolamu hoʻololi ion, hoʻololi ka cation i ka wai a me ka anion i ka wai (HCO- plasma) me ka H+ o ka resin maikaʻi a me ka OH- o ka resin maikaʻi ʻole i ke kolamu hoʻololi, i mea e hoʻokō ai i ke kumu o ka desalting. Hiki i nā hui like ʻole o nā kolamu hui ʻo Yang a me Yin ke hoʻokō i ka maikaʻi o ka wai i nā koi kiʻekiʻe. Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā mea hoʻololi ion i nā mea hoʻololi cation (softeners), nā mea hoʻololi anion, nā mea hoʻololi ion i hui ʻia, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe.

Loaʻa nā lako wai maʻemaʻe i ka ʻōnaehana pretreatment, reverse osmosis device, post-treatment system, hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻōnaehana a me ka ʻōnaehana uila. ʻO ka ʻōnaehana pretreatment ka mea maʻamau e pili ana i ka pā wai maka, ka mea dosing, quartz sand filter, activated carbon filter, precision filter, a pēlā aku. ʻO ka hāmeʻa reverse osmosis ka nui o ka pāpaʻi kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe o nā pae, reverse osmosis membrane element, membrane shell (pressure vessel), bracket a pēlā aku. ʻO kāna hana nui ka wehe ʻana i nā haumia i loko o ka wai a hoʻokō i ka wai i nā koi o ka hoʻohana.

Hoʻohui ʻia ka ʻōnaehana ma hope o ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻana ke hoʻokō ʻole ka reverse osmosis i nā koi effluent. Loaʻa ia i hoʻokahi a ʻoi aku paha nā ʻano mea e like me ka moena Yin, ka moe Yang, ka moena hui, sterilization, ultrafiltration, etc.

ʻO ka ʻōnaehana hoʻomaʻemaʻe ka nui o ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe wai pahu, hoʻomaʻemaʻe wai paila a me ka kānana pololei. Ke hoʻohaumia ʻia ka ʻōnaehana reverse osmosis a ʻaʻole hiki i ka index effluent ke hoʻokō i nā koi, pono ia e hoʻomaʻemaʻe i ka reverse osmosis e hoʻihoʻi i kona pono.

Hoʻohana ʻia ka ʻōnaehana uila e hoʻomalu i ka hana maʻamau o ka ʻōnaehana reverse osmosis holoʻokoʻa. Hoʻohui pū me ka panel mea hana, ka panel mana, ka pale uila like ʻole, ke keʻena hoʻokele uila a pēlā aku.

ʻO nā lako wai maʻemaʻe, e hoʻohana nui ana i ka ʻenehana membrane reverse osmosis. ʻO kāna kumu hana e hoʻoikaika i ka wai, i hiki ʻole i nā molekole wai a me nā mea mineral ionic ma o ka membrane osmosis, a ʻo ka hapa nui o nā paʻakai inorganic i hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i loko o ka wai (me nā metala kaumaha), nā mea kūlohelohe a me nā bacteria, nā maʻi virus, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe, ʻaʻole hiki ke hele i ka membrane osmosis hope, i hiki ʻole ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ka wai maʻemaʻe a me ka wai maʻemaʻe; ʻO ka puka ma ka membrane reverse osmosis he 0.0001 micron wale nō, aʻo ke anawaena o nā maʻi maʻamau he 0.02 a 0.4 microns, a ʻo ke anawaena o ka bacteria maʻamau he 0.4 a 1 micron.

ʻO nā mea hana desalination wai paʻakai, kūpono i nā wahi saline-alkali kiʻekiʻe a me nā wahi e hoʻihoʻi ai i ka wai kai, ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā mea o ka reverse osmosis membrane, nā kīʻaha kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe, a me nā paʻi kiʻekiʻe, me nā lako pretreatment kūpono, hiki ke wehe maikaʻi i nā paʻakai inorganic, nā ion metala kaumaha, nā mea kūlohelohe, nā bacteria a me nā mea ʻino ʻē aʻe o ka wai desalination wai.

ʻO nā mea hoʻoheheʻe wai kai e pili ana i nā mea hana i hoʻohana kūikawā ʻia e hoʻopau i ka wai kai. Hoʻohana nui ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻana i ka wai kai i ʻelua ala no ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i ka wai kai, ʻo ia ke ʻano distillation a me ke ʻano osmosis reverse.

ʻO nā mea hana hoʻomaʻemaʻe wai reverse osmosis ka mea maʻamau i ʻekolu ʻāpana: ʻōnaehana hoʻomaʻemaʻe wai maka, ʻōnaehana hoʻomaʻemaʻe osmosis reverse a me ka ʻōnaehana hoʻomaʻemaʻe ultra-purification. ʻO ke kumu o ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa mua ʻana ʻo ia ka hoʻokō ʻana i ka wai maka i nā koi wai o ka ʻāpana hoʻokaʻawale o ka osmosis membrane a hōʻoia i ka hana paʻa o ka ʻōnaehana hoʻomaʻemaʻe reverse osmosis. ʻO ka ʻōnaehana reverse osmosis membrane ʻo ia ke ʻano hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi a maikaʻi hoʻi e hoʻoneʻe ai ma mua o 98% ion, mea kūlohelohe a me 100% microorganisms i ka wai maka i ka manawa hoʻokahi (theoretically).

Me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka loina reverse osmosis, ʻo ka reverse osmosis mea hana e hoʻohana ana i ka ʻenehana hoʻokaʻawale membrane e hiki ai i ka hopena ke hele i loko o ka membrane reverse osmosis a hoʻokaʻawale pono i nā solvents no ka hopena.