Kayan Aikin Maganin Ruwa

Yin amfani da ka'idar musayar ion, kayan aikin laushi na ruwa yana cire ions masu sikelin sikelin irin su calcium da magnesium a cikin ruwa don sassauta ingancin ruwa. Ya ƙunshi tankin guduro, tankin gishiri (mai laushi mai laushi), tankin gishiri da tsarin farfadowa. Tsarin yana kula da tsarin tsaftacewa na farfadowa na multiway da hannu da kuma sake farfado da ruwa da hannu; Ana ɗaukar famfo gishiri don tsaftacewa.

Haɗe-haɗen kayan aikin kula da najasa na cikin gida yana da ayyukan cire nitrogen da phosphorus. Ta hanyar haɗa fasahar rabuwa da membrane da hanyar sadarwar oxygen, tare da aiwatar da cikakkiyar kulawar fasaha ta atomatik, tsarin yana samun aiki marar amfani da kuma kulawa mai hankali. Yana da haɗe-haɗe sosai, mai hankali da abin dogaro kuma ana iya sanya shi cikin sassauƙa a ƙasa ko kuma a binne shi a ƙarƙashin ƙasa. Ingancin ruwan da aka samar ya tsaya tsayin daka kuma yana iya cika ma'aunin fitarwa na aji A na farko.

Ultra-filtration membrane separation fasaha fasaha ce ta fasahar rabuwa da aka haɓaka a cikin 'yan shekarun nan; dangane da girman kwayoyin halitta ko barbashi, fasaha ce mai tsauri ta hanyar tacewa ta hanyar amfani da matsa lamba a matsayin karfi don kiyaye tsarin yana gudana.

EDI kuma ana kiranta da ci gaba da fasaha na lalata wutar lantarki, wanda a kimiyance yana haɗa fasahar electrodialysis da fasahar musayar ion ta hanyar zaɓin membranes na Yang da anion da musanya ion a cikin ruwa ta hanyar ion musayar resin, kuma yana fahimtar ƙaurawar ions a cikin ruwa a ƙarƙashin aikin filin lantarki, don cimma zurfin tsarkakewa da lalata ruwa.

Ruwan sharar magunguna yana daya daga cikin mafi wahalar ruwan sharar masana'antu don magancewa saboda hadadden tsarinsa, nau'ikan gurɓataccen yanayi, babban taro, babban ƙimar COD da BOD da haɓakar haɓaka, babban bambance-bambance a cikin ƙimar BOD / COD, babban taro na daskararru da aka dakatar da su. NH3-N, chroma mai zurfi, da mawuyacin biodegradation da abubuwa masu guba.

Kayan aikin ruwa da aka lalatar shine tsarin musayar ion. Ion musayar yana nufin cewa lokacin da ruwa ya ratsa ta cikin ginshiƙin musayar ion, cation a cikin ruwa da anion a cikin ruwa (HCO-plasma) suna musayar tare da H + na resin tabbatacce da OH- na resin mara kyau a cikin ginshiƙin musayar, don haka kamar yadda don cimma manufar desalting. Haɗuwa daban-daban na ginshiƙan gauraye na Yang da Yin na iya sa ingancin ruwa ya kai ga buƙatu mafi girma. Ana raba masu musayar ion zuwa cation Exchangers (mai laushi), masu canjin anion, masu canjin ion, da sauransu. Rashin lahani shi ne cewa resin yana buƙatar sake haifuwa da acid da alkali bayan jikewa.

Kayan aikin ruwa mai tsafta gabaɗaya sun haɗa da tsarin pretreatment, na'urar juyawa osmosis, tsarin bayan jiyya, tsarin tsaftacewa da tsarin sarrafa wutar lantarki. The pretreatment tsarin kullum hada da danyen ruwa famfo, dosing na'urar, ma'adini yashi tace, kunna carbon tace, daidaici tace, da dai sauransu Its main aiki shi ne don rage gurbatawa index na danyen ruwa da sauran ƙazanta kamar saura chlorine saduwa da m bukatun na baya osmosis. The reverse osmosis na'urar yafi kunshi Multi-mataki high matsa lamba famfo, reverse osmosis membrane element, membrane harsashi (matsi jirgin ruwa), bracket da sauransu. Babban aikinsa shine cire datti a cikin ruwa kuma sanya ruwa ya dace da bukatun amfani.

Ana ƙara tsarin bayan jiyya lokacin da baya osmosis bai dace da buƙatun zubar da ruwa ba. Ya ƙunshi nau'ikan kayan aiki guda ɗaya ko fiye kamar gadon Yin, gadon Yang, gado mai gauraye, haifuwa, ultrafiltration, da sauransu.

Tsarin tsaftacewa ya ƙunshi tankin ruwa mai tsaftacewa, famfo mai tsaftace ruwa da tacewa daidai. Lokacin da tsarin jujjuyawar ya zama gurɓatacce kuma maƙasudin ƙazamin ba zai iya cika buƙatun ba, ya zama dole a tsaftace juzu'in osmosis don dawo da ingancinsa.

Ana amfani da tsarin sarrafa wutar lantarki don sarrafa aiki na yau da kullun na gaba dayan tsarin osmosis na baya. Ciki har da kayan aiki, kwamiti mai kulawa, kariya ta lantarki daban-daban, majalisar kula da wutar lantarki da sauransu.

Kayan aikin ruwa mai tsafta, wanda ke amfani da fasahar membrane osmosis galibi. Ka'idar aikinsa ita ce yin wani matsa lamba akan ruwa, ta yadda kwayoyin ruwa da abubuwan ma'adinai na ionic ta hanyar reverse osmosis membrane, da yawancin gishirin inorganic narkar da ruwa (ciki har da karafa masu nauyi), kwayoyin halitta da kwayoyin cuta, ƙwayoyin cuta. , da dai sauransu, ba zai iya wucewa ta cikin murfin osmosis na baya ba, don haka ruwa mai tsabta da ruwa mai zurfi ba za a iya raba shi ba; Furen da ke kan membrane osmosis na baya shine kawai 0.0001 micron, yayin da diamita na ƙwayoyin cuta gabaɗaya shine 0.02 zuwa 0.4 microns, kuma diamita na ƙwayoyin cuta na yau da kullun shine 0.4 zuwa 1 micron.

Brackish ruwa desalination kayan aiki, dace da high saline-alkali yankunan da ruwan teku backfilling yankunan, da yin amfani da baya osmosis membrane abubuwa, high quality-motsi tasoshin, da kuma high matsa lamba farashinsa, tare da m pretreatment kayan aiki, iya yadda ya kamata cire inorganic salts, nauyi karfe. ions, kwayoyin halitta, kwayoyin cuta da kwayoyin cuta da sauran abubuwa masu cutarwa a cikin ruwa, raguwar ruwa mai laushi zuwa daidaitattun ruwan sha na kasa.

Kayan aikin tsabtace ruwan teku yana nufin kayan aikin da aka yi amfani da su musamman don kawar da ruwan teku. Tsabtace ruwan teku ya fi amfani da hanyoyi biyu don warware ruwan teku, wato hanyar distillation da kuma hanyar juyar da osmosis.

Reverse osmosis ruwa kayan aikin magani yawanci hada da sassa uku: raw ruwa pretreatment tsarin, juyi osmosis tsarkakewa tsarin da matsananci-tsarkake tsarin bayan jiyya. Manufar pretreatment shine don sa danyen ruwa ya dace da buƙatun shan ruwa na ɓangaren rabuwa na osmosis membrane da kuma tabbatar da ingantaccen aiki na tsarin tsarkakewa na baya osmosis. Reverse osmosis membrane tsarin shine mafi tattalin arziki da ingantaccen hanyar tsarkakewa don cire fiye da 98% ions, kwayoyin halitta da 100% microorganisms a cikin danyen ruwa lokaci guda (a zahiri).

Ma'adini yashi tace gabaɗaya ana amfani dashi azaman kayan aikin osmosis na baya da kayan aikin ultrafiltration pretreatment, galibi don sediment, colloids, ions ƙarfe da kwayoyin halitta don tsangwama, adsorption. Abubuwan tacewa da aka fi amfani dasu sune yashi quartz, carbon da aka kunna, anthracite, yashi manganese da sauransu. Ana amfani da shi sosai a fannin ban ruwa, masana'antar sinadarai, man fetur, ƙarfe, ma'adinai da sauran masana'antu.

Kayan aikin ruwa mai laushi na tukunyar jirgi shine na'urar pretreatment na ruwa don dogon sikelin tukunyar jirgi, wanda ke cire ions calcium da magnesium a cikin ɗanyen ruwa da abubuwan da ke haifar da ma'aunin tukunyar jirgi.

Ultrafiltration fasaha ce ta rabuwa da membrane wanda zai iya tsarkakewa da raba bayani. Tsarin membrane na ultrafiltration shine na'urar rabuwar bayani tare da filament na ultrafiltration membrane a matsayin matsakaicin tacewa da bambancin matsa lamba a bangarorin biyu na membrane azaman ƙarfin tuƙi.

Babban abubuwan da ke cikin ruwan ma'adinan su ne kwayoyin da aka dakatar da kwayoyin halitta masu narkewa, kuma kwayoyin da aka dakatar da su SS sun fi ƙunshi foda na kwal da foda na dutse, kuma abin da ke ciki ba shi da kwanciyar hankali. Bugu da kari, idan ruwan ma'adinan ya ratsa ta fuskar kwal da titin, dan Adam ya shafe shi, kuma ana hada wasu kwayoyin halitta a cikin ruwa. Babban abin da ke cikin SS a cikin ruwan ma'adinan shine kwal da aka niƙa, wanda za a iya sanya shi ta hanyar oxidants mai ƙarfi kamar potassium dichromate, don haka yana nuna babban CODcr.